November 14, 2019
Initial unemployment claims rose 14 thousand in the week ending November 9 to 225 thousand. The four-week average of claims rose 2 thousand to 217 thousand. The 4-week average for the week of April 13 of 202 thousand was the lowest for the current business cycle and the lowest 4-week average level of claims since November, 1969 when it was 200 thousand. The current low level of claims indicates clearly that the trend rate of increase in employment of about 160 thousand remains intact.
As one might expect there is a fairly close inverse relationship between initial unemployment claims and payroll employment. With initial claims (the red line on the chart below, using the inverted scale on the right) at 217 thousand we would expect monthly payroll employment gains to be far higher but employers today are having difficulty finding qualified workers. As a result, job gains are significantly smaller than this long-term relationship suggests and are currently about 160 thousand.
With the economy essentially at full employment, employers will have steadily increasing difficulty getting the number of workers that they need. As a result, they might choose to offer some of their part time workers full time positions. But this series is close to where it was going into the recession so they will have limited success in finding necessary workers from this source.
.They will also have to think about hiring some of our youth (ages 16-24 years) . But the youth unemployment rate today is close to the lowest on record (for a series that goes back to 1970) so there are not many younger workers available for hire.
Finally, employers may also consider some workers who have been unemployed for an extended period of time. But these workers do not seem to have the skills necessary for today’s work place. Employers may have to offer some on-the-job training programs for those whose skills may have gotten a bit rusty. But even if they do, the reality is that the number of discouraged workers today is quite low — it is essentially where it was going into the recession.
The number of people receiving unemployment benefits declined 10 thousand in the week ending November 2 to 1,683 thousand. The 4-week moving average rose 1 thousand to 1,688 thousand. This series hit a low of 1,654 thousand in late October 2018.
The only way the unemployment rate can decline is if actual GDP growth exceeds potential. Right now the economy is climbing by about 2.4%; potential growth has probably picked up from 1.8% a couple of years ago to perhaps 2.2% today given faster growth in productivity. Thus, going forward the unemployment rate should decline slowly.
Stephen Slifer
NumberNomics
Charleston, SC
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